Publication Type: | Journal Article |
Year of Publication: | 1998 |
Authors: | Eberhardt, LL |
Journal: | Canadian Journal of Zoology |
Volume: | 76 |
Date Published: | 1998 |
Keywords: | Canis lupus |
Abstract: | Parameters for generalized Lotka-Volterra equations, expressed as difference equations, have been estimated from actual data on wolves and their prey. The functional response is represented by a single constant, while the numerical response is expressed as a ratio-dependent limitation on predator abundance. Parameters for the Lotka-Volterra equations were estimated by multiple-regression fits to data on moose (Alces alces) and wolves (Canis lupus) on Isle Royale, and from other sources. Observed prey- predator ratios are highly variable, but much of the variability may arise from nonequilibrium conditions. A multiple-prey model has been developed by assuming that utilization rates vary in proportion to relative current biomass. If analyses are to be useful, the dynamic, nonlinear nature of predator-prey systems requires that a system of equations be developed, along with extensive series of observations of actual abundances of predator and prey. |
Applying difference equations to wolf predation
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