Limitation and regulation of moose populations: the role of predation

Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:1994
Authors:Van Ballenberghe, V, Ballard, WB
Journal:Canadian Journal of Zoology
Volume:72
Pagination:2071-2077
Date Published:1994
Keywords:Canis lupus, Ursus arctos
Abstract:

Empirical evidence indicates that many Alces alces populations preyed on by both bears (Ursus arctos and U. americana) and wolves (Canis lupus) persist at densities much lower than K/2 when human influence is minimal. Under these conditions, reduction of predator numbers often results in increased moose density. Reduction of moose from high densities with predators held constant results in inversely density-dependent (anti-regulatory) predation and low moose densities for prolonged periods. In ecosystems lacking bears, or in those subject to substantial human influence, predation may not be a major limiting factor, may vary greatly in its impact, and may be overshadowed by interactions among moose, forage, weather, and hunting that primarily determine moose density. In naturally regulated ecosystems, predation on moose by bears and wolves is often limiting and may be regulating.

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